Altitude Sickness

Introduction to Altitude Sickness

Altitude sickness, also known as acute mountain sickness (AMS), is the symptoms that can occur when a person reaches to higher altitude too quickly. This is mostly caused due to lower atmospheric pressure and reduced oxygen levels at high altitudes. 

The risk of altitude sickness mainly affects those trekking and climbers who make their visit the mountainous regions. However, these factors can be reduced with proper acclimatization and gradual ascent. Proper awareness of altitude-related challenges can help you ensure a safer and more enjoyable experience. 

Basic Symptoms of Altitude Sickness

Altitude sickness occurs when the body cannot adjust quickly to reduced oxygen levels at high elevations, especially during fast ascent. Below are the symptoms of altitude sickness during your trek at higher altitudes. 

• Headache 
• Vomiting 
• Difficult to sleep 
• Loss of appetite 
• Swelling of hands and legs 
• Shortness of breath 
• Dizziness or light-headedness
• Fatigue or weakness
• Extreme tiredness or weakness
• Rapid heartbeat
• Trouble sleeping or frequent waking at night 

Severe Altitude Sickness Symptoms 

• Severe shortness of breath 
• Intense, unrelenting headache
• Inability to walk straight 
• Extreme fatigue or weakness
• Confusion 
• Coughing 
• Tightness in the chest 
• Bluish lip or fingernails due to lack of oxygen 
• Loss of consciousness 

High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE)

The HACE is a life-threatening condition that is mostly caused by swelling of the brain due to rapid ascent to high altitude. This one is the most severe form of altitude sickness and requires immediate descent. HACE is observed above 3,500 m, which results from fluid leakage into brain tissue, causing dangerous swelling. 

Major Symptoms of HACE

• Severe headache 
• Loss of coordination (cannot walk properly)
• Confusion or even an altered mental state
• Extreme fatigue 
• Hallucinations 
• Loss of consciousness 

Preventive Measures of HACE  

• Immediate descent 
• Supplemental oxygen if available 

Preventive Measures for Altitude Sickness

• Ascend gradually 
• Take frequent rest when you feel tired. 
• Drink enough water and keep yourself hydrated. 
• Include proper acclimatization days in your itinerary. 
• Eat light and only high-carbohydrate meals. 
• Listen to your body, and in case of serious symptoms, descend immediately. 
• Consider preventive medications, but must be under the guidance of a healthcare professional. 
• Maintain a slow, steady pace instead of rushing.